Somayeh Azami; Hamid Rahmani; Sohrab Delangizan
Abstract
The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable ...
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The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable and fossil energy consumption in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, 26 developed countries and 41 developing countries have been considered in the period of 2000-2021. The results of the Westerland cointegration test (with cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developed countries and the Kao cointegration test (without cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developing countries indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between model variables in both groups of countries. FGLS and PCSE estimators show that in both groups of countries, renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the environment, and the absolute value of this impact is greater in developed countries than in developing countries, while this result for Fossil energy is the opposite. The N-shaped growth-pollution relationship is confirmed in both groups of countries. Therefore, it cannot be expected that pollution emissions will decrease in the long term with the increase in production. Therefore, the claim that "economic growth is both the cause and the solution of environmental destruction" is doubtful. This study highlights the importance of promoting green energy in order to achieve sustainable development and combat global warming.
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fatemeh monadi; Kiomars Sohaili; Somaye Azami
Abstract
One of the important macroeconomic variables is national savings. National saving can be affected by several factors, one of these factors is population age structure. Scientific and quantitative determination of the impact of population age structure on national saving is an important issue that is ...
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One of the important macroeconomic variables is national savings. National saving can be affected by several factors, one of these factors is population age structure. Scientific and quantitative determination of the impact of population age structure on national saving is an important issue that is discussed in this paper. In this study relied on Ando and Modigliani's life-cycle hypothesis, has been analyzed the effect of population age structure transitions on national saving in Iran. For this purpose, a model is proposed to explain the national saving and demographic variables included in the model and coefficients have been estimated using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). National savings model consists of two equations, one of the equations represents the long-run equilibrium relationship and other indicates short-run dynamic. In addition, the method of error correction is used for determining the adjustment speed of dynamic model toward long run equilibrium. Annual time series data for the period 1984-2016 have been used. The findings show that the population age structure is an effective factor in formation of the national savings. Increasing the proportion of people in the age group 20 to 24 years reduces national saving. Against, increasing proportion of population aged 25 to 54 years, will increase in national savings. Most of the savings made by the group aged 35-44 years. On the other hand, the increase of population in the age group 55 years and more, again, reduces national saving.
